BRAINSTORMING FOR A PAPER
In making a brainstorming list, you collect ideas and details
that relate to your subject. Don’t out major details from minor ones or try to
put the details in any special order. Your aim to is just to make a list of
everything about your subject that occurs to you.
To get a sense of brainstorming process, take a sheet of
paper and write about some of the everyday aggravations you have experienced
going-to-movies. See how much material you can accumulate in five to fifteen
minutes.
Downsides to going to a movie theater:
Drive to theater, heavy traffic
Parking spot
Distance to theater
Long lines,
Sold-out shows
Ticket Cost, popular movie
Crowded into seats between strangers
Unhealthy food: Popcorn, Candy, Soda, Hot dog, Ice-cream
Running kids
Telling about movie
See over others
Laughing
Shouting youngsters
Older people make noise
Talking
Walking over people
Taking a date
Finding a seat
Commercials
Too crowded
Icky stuff on floor
Kids showing off
Sick people, coughing, sneezing
CLUSTERING CIRCLES
Clustering or circles is another strategy that can used to
generate material for a paper. In clustering, you use lines, boxes, arrows, and
circles to show relationships between the ideas and details that occur to you.
Put minor ideas or details in smaller circles and use connecting lines to show
how they relate as well.

Don't worry yet about grammar, punctuation, or spelling. You
don't want to take time correcting words or sentences that you may decide to
remove later. Instead,
make it your goal to state your thesis clearly and develop the content of your
paper with plenty of specific details.
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Samples of "attending movies" from
Paragraph from to
Long Essay from to
Extensive Essay form:
Langdan, College Writings with Readings
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A
SHORT
FORM OF A PAPER ABOUT ATTENDING MOVIES
The “HAZARDS” of Going-to-movies
Although I love movies, I've
found that there are drawbacks to going-to-movies. One problem is just the
inconvenience of it all. To get to the theater, I have to drive for at least
fifteen minutes, or more if traffic is bad. It can take forever to find a
parking spot, and then I have to walk across a huge parking lot to the theater.
There I encounter long lines, sold-out shows, and ever-increasing prices. And I
hate sitting with my feet sticking to the floor because of other people's
spilled snacks. Another problem is my lack of self-control at the theater. I
often stuff myself with unhealthy calorie-laden snacks. My choices might include
a bucket of popcorn, a box of Milk Duds, a giant soda, or all three. The worst
problem is some of the other moviegoers. Kids run up and down the aisle.
Teenagers laugh and shout at the screen. People of all ages drop soda cups and
popcorn tubs, cough and burp, and talk to one another. All in all, I would
rather stay home and wait to see the latest movie hits on cable TV in the
comfort of my own living room.
Langdan, College Writings with Readings
A
LONG
FORM OF A PAPER WITH DETAILS, AN ESSAY: A STUDENT MODEL
In conversation, you might say to a friend who has suggested a
movie, "No, thanks. Going to the movies is just too much of a hassle. Parking,
people, everything." From shared past experiences, your friend may know what you
are talking about so that you will not have to explain your statement. But in
writing, your point would have to be backed up with specific reasons and
details.
Below is a
paragraph by a student named on: why Going-to-movies is a nuisance? A paragraph
is a short paper of around 150 to 200 words. It usually consists of an opening
point called a topic sentence followed by a series of sentences which support
that point
Even
though I love movies, my friends have stopped asking me to go. There are just
too many problems involved in going to the movies. There are no small theaters
anymore; I have to drive fifteen minutes to a big multaplex. Because of a
supermarket and restaurants, the parking lot is filled. I have to keep driving
around to find a space. Then I have to stand in a long line, hoping that they do
not run out of tickets. Finally, I have to pay too much money for a ticket.
Putting out that much money, I should not have to deal with a floor that is
sticky seems coated with rubber cement. By the end of a movie, my shoes are
often sealed to a mix of spilled soda, bubble gum, and other stuff.
The
theater offers temptations in the form of snacks I really don't need. Like most
of us I have to worry about weight gain. At home I do pretty well by simply
watching what I keep in the house and not buying stuff that is bad for me. I can
make do with healthy snacks because there is nothing in the house. Going to the
theater is like spending my evening in a market Seven-Eleven that's been
equipped with a movie screen and there are seats which are comfortable. I try
to persuade myself to just have a diet soda. The smell of popcorn soon
overcomes me. My friends are as bad as I am. Chocolate bars seem to jump into
your hands; I am eating enormous mouthfuls of milk duds. B y the time I leave
the theater I feel sick and tired of myself.
Some of
the other moviegoers are the worst problem. There are teenagers who try to
impress their friends in one way or another. Little kids race up and down the
aisles, giggling and laughing. Adults act as if they're watching the movie at
home. They talk loudly about the ages of the stars and give away the plot. Other
people drop popcorn tubs or cups of soda, crushed ice and soda on the floor.
Also, coughing a lot and doing other stuff.
I decided
one night that I was not going to be a moviegoer anymore. I joined a local video
store, and I'll watch movies comfortably in my own living room.
Notice what the supporting evidence does here. It provides you
with a basis for understanding why the writer makes the point that is made.
Through this specific evidence, the writer has explained and successfully
communicated the idea that going-to-movies can be a nuisance.
The evidence that supports the point in a paper often
consists of a series of reasons followed by examples and details that support
the reasons. That is true of the paragraph above: three reasons are provided,
with examples and details that back up those reasons. Supporting evidence in a
paper can also consist of anecdotes, personal experiences, facts, studies,
statistics, and the opinions of experts.
AN
EXTENSIVE ESSAY
FORM OF A PAPER WITH DETAILS: A STUDENT MODEL
The “controlling idea” of a paper is called a thesis
statement (rather than, as in a paragraph, a topic sentence). The “controlling
idea” appears in the 1st paragraph. The supporting paragraphs allow
for a fuller treatment of the evidence that backs up the “controlling idea” than
would be possible in a single-paragraph paper.
Organization of the Conventional Essay.
Example: The following example
will help you understand the look of an essay. The writer of the paragraph on
going-to-movies, later decided to develop her subject more fully. Here is the
essay that resulted.
The Hazards of Going-to-movies
I am a movie fanatic. My
friends count on me to know movie trivia (who was the pigtailed
little girl in E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial? Drew Barrymore) and to remember
every big Oscar awarded since I was in grade school (best picture 1994? Forrest
Gump). My friends, though, have stopped asking me if I want to go out to the
movies. While I love movies as much as ever, the inconvenience of going out, the
temptations of the theater, and the behavior of some patrons are reasons for me
to wait and rent the video.
To begin
with, I just don't enjoy the general hassle of the evening. Since small local
movie theaters are a thing of the past, I have to drive for fifteen minutes to
get to the nearest multiplex. The parking lot is shared with several restaurants
and a supermarket, so it's always jammed. I have to drive around at a snail's
pace until I spot another driver backing out. Then it's time to stand in an
endless line, with the constant threat that tickets for the show I want will
sell out. If we do get tickets, the theater will be so crowded that I won't be
able to sit with my friends, or we'll have to sit in a front row gaping up at a
giant screen. I have to shell out a ridiculous amount of money-up to $8-for a
ticket. That entitles me to sit while my shoes seal themselves to a sticky floor
coated with spilled soda, bubble gum, and crushed Raisinets.
Second, the theater
offers tempting snacks that I really don't need. Like most of us, I have to
battle an expanding waistline. At home I do pretty well by simply not buying
stuff that is bad for me. I can make do with snacks like celery and carrot
sticks because there is no ice cream in the freezer. Going to the theater,
however, is like spending my evening in a Seven-Eleven that's been equipped with
a movie screen and comfortable seats. As I try to persuade myself to just have a
diet Coke, the smell of fresh popcorn dripping with butter soon overcomes me.
Chocolate bars the size of small automobiles seem to jump into my hands. I risk
pulling out my fillings as I chew enormous mouthfuls of Milk Duds. By the time I
leave the theater, I feel disgusted with myself.
Many of the other
patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. Little kids race
up and down the aisles, usually in giggling packs. Teenagers try to impress
their friends by talking back to the screen,
whistling, and making what they consider to be hilarious noises. Adults act as
if they were at home in their own
living room. They comment loudly on the
ages of the stars and reveal plot twists
that are supposed to be a secret until the film's end. And people of all
ages create distractions. They crinkle candy
wrappers, stick gum on their seats, and drop popcorn tubs or cups of crushed ice
and soda on the floor. They also cough and burp, squirm endlessly in their
seats, file out for repeated trips to
the rest rooms or concession stands, and elbow me out of the armrest on
either side of my seat.
After arriving home from the movies one night, I decided that I was not going to be a moviegoer anymore. I was tired of the problems
involved in getting to the theater, resisting
unhealthy snacks, and dealing with the
patrons. The next day, I arranged to have premium movie channels
installed as part of my cable TV
service, and I also got a membership at my local video
store. I may now see movies a bit later than
other people, but I'll be more relaxed
watching box office hits in the comfort of my own living room.
Langdan, College Writings with Readings |